Phanerozoic Ocean Evolution Why did the oceans get safer for marine animals? Can we test environmental and physiological influences on the Phanerozoic extinction rates? Funded by NSF Frontier Research in Earth Sciences (FRES) Research components Geochemical Proxies Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) Multiple geochemical proxies (e.g. U isotope and I/Ca) help reconstructing ocean redox…