Founded in 2023, DeepSeek focuses on researching world-leading general artificial intelligence (AI) underlying models and technologies, tackling cutting-edge AI challenges. Leveraging its self-developed training framework, self-built intelligent computing cluster, and massive computing power, the DeepSeek team has released and open-sourced several large-scale models with billions of parameters in just six months, such as the DeepSeek-LLM general-purpose large language model and the DeepSeek-Code