ISLAMIC RESEARCH (ISSN 2654-3974 - IR - The International Journal of Islamic Civilization Studies) is a blind peer-reviewed journal studying Islamic civilization published by Perhimpunan Intelektual Muslim Indonesia. IR is motivated by a lack of Muslim-spiritual values to understand the contribution of Islam to the development of many scientific disciplines for modern civilization. Hence, IR attempts to integrate such kind science disciplines into Islam as a way of life in modern civilization. F